Generators and relations for (generalised) Cartan type superalgebras

In Kac's classification of finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras, the contragredient ones can be constructed from Dynkin diagrams similar to those of the simple finite-dimensional Lie algebras, but with additional types of nodes. For example, $A(n-1,0) = \mathfrak{sl}(1|n)$ can be constructed by adding a "gray" node to the Dynkin diagram of $A_{n-1} = \mathfrak{sl}(n)$, corresponding to an odd null root. The Cartan superalgebras constitute a different class, where the simplest example is $W(n)$, the derivation algebra of the Grassmann algebra on $n$ generators. Here we present a novel construction of $W(n)$, from the same Dynkin diagram as $A(n-1,0)$, but with additional generators and relations.Comment: 6 pages, talk presented at Group32, Prague, July 2018. v2: Minor change

Generators and relations for Lie superalgebras of Cartan type

We give an analog of a Chevalley-Serre presentation for the Lie superalgebras W(n) and S(n) of Cartan type. These are part of a wider class of Lie superalgebras, the so-called tensor hierarchy algebras, denoted W(g) and S(g), where g denotes the Kac-Moody algebra A_r, D_r or E_r. Then W(A_{n-1}) and S(A_{n-1}) are the Lie superalgebras W(n) and S(n). The algebras W(g) and S(g) are constructed from the Dynkin diagram of the Borcherds-Kac-Moody superalgebras B(g) obtained by adding a single grey node (representing an odd null root) to the Dynkin diagram of g. We redefine the algebras W(A_r) and S(A_r) in terms of Chevalley generators and defining relations. We prove that all relations follow from the defining ones at level -2 and higher. The analogous definitions of the algebras in the D- and E-series are given. In the latter case the full set of defining relations is conjectured.Comment: 42 pages. v2: Minor changes. Version accepted for publication in J. Phys.

GABEK WinRelan® – a Qualitative Method for Crisis Research Engaging Crisis Management Personnel

Qualitative research methods like GABEK WinRelan are advantageous tools to analyze and thereby improve crisis management planning and communication systems by interrogating crisis management personnel. Contrary to quantitative methods they help to identify, explore, and structure new important aspects in this field and to formulate more specific research questions. This paper describes the usage and advantages of the qualitative method GABEK WinRelan within crisis management research, particularly within the e-Triage project which aims at the development of an electronic registration system of affected persons in mass casualty incidents. Furthermore it addresses different corresponding research fields like stress within emergency missions and the role GABEK WinRelan could play in examining these research fields

Disease Surveillance Networks Initiative Africa: Final Evaluation

The overall objective of the Foundation's Disease Surveillance Networks (DSN) Initiative is to strengthen technical capacity at the country level for disease surveillance and to bolster response to outbreaks through the sharing of technical information and expertise. It supports formalizing collaboration, information sharing and best practices among established networks as well as trans-national, interdisciplinary and multi-sectoral efforts, and is experienced in developing and fostering innovative partnerships. In order to more effectively address disease threats, the DSN has four key outcome areas:(1) forming and sustaining trans-boundary DSN;(2) strengthening and applying technical and communication skills by local experts and institutions;(3) increasing access and use of improved tools and methods on information sharing, reporting and monitoring; and(4) emphasizing One Health and transdisciplinary approaches to policy and practice at global, regional and local levels

Drogenbezogene Gesundheitsfürsorge in Haft : Bedarf und Angebot - Stärken und Schwächen

Background: The two main obstacles of the German penal system are reintegration of the prisoner and protection of the general population. Prevention and treatment of drug-related disorders are less important. In addition, there is a lack of financial resources for health-related services in prison and specialized prison staff in addiction medicine. The execution of criminal justice in Germany falls within the domain of the German Laender. Since 2006, the Laender have also been responsible for legislation in this area. There is no established national data collection procedure on the health of prison inmates in Germany. However, regional data surveys and individual studies focusing on sub-populations of individual facilities do exist. In order to create standardized treatment guidelines for drug users in prison, a comprehensive overview and a nationwide regulation are needed. Therefore, national data are being collected to assess quality and quantity of drug-related health care services in German prisons. The aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate structural strengths and weaknesses of drug-related health care in German prisons. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was chosen. Quantitative data was collected using a comprehensive questionnaire, which was sent to the Ministries of justice of all 16 Laender. The questionnaire collected data about the percentage of drug use, intravenous drug use and infectious diseases on reception into prison and during imprisonment, as well as type and extent of drug-related health care services in German prisons. Reference date was 31st March 2010. Qualitative data was collected via 15 qualitative semi-structured interviews, of which 11 were conducted in Bavaria and 4 in Berlin. Data was collected and compared in 2 Laender, which have two very different approaches concerning the drug problem: Bavaria, a territorial state, restrictive and emphasising sanctions and Berlin, a city state, with a focus on harm reduction. Interviewees were prison health care staff and consultants, prison guards, a former prisoner, prison nurses, and probation officers. In the interviews, respondents were asked to describe their everyday work, its challenges and how those challenges could be addressed. The interviews were analysed using GABEK WinRelanA and results were presented in network graphs. Results and Discussion: 14 out of 16 Laender answered the questionnaire. There was an average of 50 % missing items. Another half of the missing items was commented with a data is not recordeda . Concerning drug use the results show that around 30 % of the prisoners were tested upon admission. Upon admission the percentage of positive results was higher than during imprisonment (45 % vs. 16 %). Results show that during imprisonment, there is especially a decrease in the use of opioids (17 % vs. 10 %) and cocaine (10 % vs. 1 %). In contrast, the percentage of positive drug tests increased for some substances, especially for Cannabis (57 % vs. 75 %) and a othera substances (1 % vs. 15 %). Concerning intravenous drug use, results indicate a percentage of 47 % intravenous drug users among all drug users, which equates to 11 % of all prisoners. Concerning infectious diseases, around 50 % of the prisoners were tested upon admission, with 0,8 % tests positive for HIV, 1,8 % positive for Hepatitis B and 15 % positive for Hepatitis C. The results of the questionnaire in combination with the interviews, several topics turned out to be of relevance: the role of the justice system in strengthening the motivation to abstinence, therapy instead of punishment, working in a prison and (not) being part of the justice system, educating prisoners and prison guards, vaccinating, testing and treating of infectious diseases, harm reduction services, opioid substitution therapy and preparations for release. Taking together the results of this study, it can be summarized that at the time of the data collection there was no equivalent health care in German prisons compared to the general population. There is still a huge potential for improvement of the criminal justice system and especially of the prison health care system concerning drug use inmates. Change processes take a while and usually start on an individual level

Measurement of the Temperature Influence on the Current Distribution in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Herein, a comprehensive experimental studies on the interdependence of temperature and current distribution in lithium‐ion batteries is presented. Initially, a method for measuring the current distribution on a single cell is presented and verified by comparison with measurements on a parallel circuit. The presented method is straightforward and robust. It provides accurate quantitative and reproducible results. They are consistent with literature and show a higher current with increasing temperature. This temperature dependency is more pronounced at lower temperatures. Furthermore, it offers the opportunity to determine the influence of the temperature on the current distribution more precisely. Finally, this publication correlates the normalized current with temperature quantitatively using an Arrhenius‐like approach according to I~ ecp (-$\frac{1}{T}$)

Die Einführung neuer Technologien im Rettungsdienst - Akzeptanzforschung mit GABEK® dargestellt am Projekt e-Triage

Unglücksfälle mit vielen Betroffenen erfordern ein effektives Krisenmanagement. Um vorhandene Rettungsmittel in einem Massenanfall von Verletzten (MANV) möglichst effektiv einsetzen zu können, ist ein schnell verfügbarer und zeitnaher Überblick über die Schadenslage von essentieller Bedeutung. Im Rahmen des Verbundprojektes „Schutz und Rettung von Menschen - e-Triage Elektronische Betroffenenerfassung in Katastrophenfällen" soll die Erfassung von Patienten und Betroffenen elektronisch und unter Zuhilfenahme modernster Kommunikationsnetze und Datenbanksystemen erfolgen. Die Einstellung von Rettungskräften zu neuen Technologien prädisponiert deren Handeln und wirkt sich auf die Akzeptanz aus. Persönliches Versagen, Benutzerfreundlichkeit und das Spannungsfeld Mensch - Technik wirken sich akzeptanzverstärkend oder -mindernd aus. Das Arbeiten unter extremem Stress stellt eine zusätzliche Herausforderung dar. Mittels leitfadengestützter Interviews wurden relevante Personen aus dem Rettungsdienst (z.B. Rettungsassistenten, Notärzte) befragt. Die Interviews wurden mit Gabek® WinRelan (Zeiger & Schönegger, 1994-2011) ausgewertet. Mithilfe von Netzwerkgrafiken und Bewertungsprofilen sowie Kausalgrafiken konnten relevante Themen und Problembereiche identifiziert werden. Auch konkrete Aspekte, die die Gestaltung einer möglichen Hard- und Software betreffen, konnten identifiziert werden. Um die Sicherheit und die bestmögliche Versorgung von Patienten und Betroffenen vor Ort zu erreichen, muss elektronische Betroffenensichtung und -erfassung so einfach wie möglich erfolgen. Die Komplexität für die Anwender muss dabei so weit wie möglich reduziert werden.Within the project: IT-supported management: e-triage, the paper-based triage and registration system at mass casualties (MGIs) should be replaced by an integrated satellite-based concept for electronic triage of affected persons. It is crucial for the success of the Joint research project that emergency personnel operating under extreme stress accept the new technology. The attitude towards technologies is influenced by personal failure, convenience and the ambiguity human vs. machine. The decision to accept the new technologies is determined by factors such as usability and first impression of the hardware. Relevant persons with and without experience using similar Systems were interviewed. Gabek* WinRelan was used for analysis. Conceptual networks, causal graphs, relevancy lists and evaluation profiles enabled us to identify relevant topics and problems as well as aspects for designing the product (hard- and Software). To achieve patient care at the best, it is necessary to use e-Triage System with reduced user-complexity

Ökonomien der Transformation

ÖKONOMIEN DER TRANSFORMATION Ökonomien der Transformation / Zwiers, Jakob (Rights reserved) ( -

Anthropogenic microlitter in wastewater and marine samples from Ny-Ålesund, Barentsburg and Signehamna, Svalbard

Plastic pollution is recognized as a serious threat to the marine environment by the UN, the EU through the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Arctic council, the Nordic council, and national governments worldwide. Marine litter may reach the Arctic with ocean currents from global and regional sources, but may also originate from local emissions related to shipping and fishing activities, runoff from land based industries, dumping sites and wastewater outlets. Wastewater outlets are identified as important sources of microplastics to the marine environment in temperate areas but have received less attention in the Arctic. Wastewater treatment is generally lacking in the Arctic, and in smaller settlements, handling of wastewater (including sewage water) and garbage is comparable to conditions observed in developing countries. In Svalbard, wastewater treatment is absent aside from a small treatment plant in Hornsund and the recently installed treatment plant in Ny-Ålesund. The aim of this investigation was to quantify and characterize anthropogenic microparticles (AMPs: particles <5 mm of manmade or modified materials, e.g. plastics, paints, rubber and textile fibers) in wastewater from the recently installed treatment plant in Ny-Ålesund (Kongsfjorden), in the marine environment close to the Russian settlement Barentsburg (Grønnfjorden), and in Signehamna (Krossfjorden) far from permanent land-based human impact. Samples of seawater, marine sediments and beach sediments were collected and analyzed for AMPs using optical and spectroscopic techniques. AMPs were found at all sites and in all matrices investigated in this study. AMPs identified in wastewater and seawater were dominated by fibres (both non-synthetic and synthetic) while AMPs identified in sediment samples were dominated by fragments. Higher concentrations of AMPs and higher polymeric diversity was observed closer to human activities; in sediments close to Ny-Ålesund wastewater outlet and in seawater close to both Barentsburg and Ny-Ålesund, as compared to the remote site at Signehamna. Based on this investigation, as much as 99 % of the incoming AMPs may be retained by the wastewater treatment plant in Ny-Ålesund. It is thus clear that installation of appropriate wastewater treatment systems can substantially reduce the release of anthropogenic microlitter and potential associated contaminants to the marine environment. However, this investigation is based on a limited number of samples and a comprehensive investigation should be conducted to determine the true efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant in Ny-Ålesund, covering both temporal and spatial variation. The present report should be used as a first step towards resolving the issue of lacking wastewater treatment in Svalbard and in the Arctic as a whole